scratch

scratch
scratch
A n
1 (wound) gen égratignure f ; (from a claw, fingernail) griffure f ; to escape without a scratch s'en tirer sans une égratignure ; to get a scratch from a cat se faire griffer par un chat ;
2 (mark) (on metal, furniture) éraflure f ; (on record, disc, glass) rayure f ;
3 (action to relieve an itch) to have a scratch se gratter ; to give one's arm/foot a scratch se gratter le bras/pied ;
4 (sound) grattement m ;
5 ○ (satisfaction, standard) he/his work is not up to scratch il/son travail n'est pas à la hauteur ; to keep sth up to scratch maintenir qch au niveau voulu ;
6 (zero) to start from scratch partir de zéro ; to plan/study sth from scratch concevoir/étudier qch en partant de zéro ;
7 Sport to play off scratch jouer scratch.
B adj [team] de fortune ; [meal] improvisé ; he's a scratch golfer il joue scratch.
C vtr
1 (cancel) supprimer [race, meeting] ;
2 Comput (delete) effacer [file] ;
3 (trace) to scratch one's initials on sth graver ses initiales sur qch ; to scratch a line in the soil tracer une ligne dans la terre ;
4 (wound) [cat, person] griffer [person] ; [thorns, rosebush] égratigner [person] ; to get scratched (by cat) se faire griffer ; (by thorns) être égratigné ; to scratch sb's eyes out arracher les yeux à quelqu'un ;
5 (react to itch) gratter [spot] ; to scratch one's arm/chin se gratter le bras/menton ; to scratch an itch se gratter ; to scratch sb's back gratter le dos de qn ; to scratch one's head lit se gratter la tête ; fig être perplexe ;
6 (damage) [person, branch] érafler [car] ; [cat] se faire les griffes sur [furniture] ; [person, toy] érafler [furniture, wood] ; rayer [record] ; the table is all scratched la table est toute éraflée ;
7 Sport (withdraw) retirer, scratcher [horse, competitor].
D vi
1 (relieve itch) [person] se gratter ;
2 (inflict injury) [person, cat] griffer.
E v refl to scratch oneself [dog, person] se gratter.
Idioms
to scratch a living from the soil tirer une maigre subsistance du sol ; you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours un service en vaut un autre ; scratch a translator and you'll find a writer underneath! dans tout traducteur il y a un écrivain qui sommeille!
Phrasal verbs
■ scratch around [hen] gratter (in dans) ; to scratch around to find the money gratter un peu partout pour trouver l'argent nécessaire.
■ scratch at :
▶ scratch at [sth] gratter à [door].

Big English-French dictionary. 2003.

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